 revealed that Bulgaria's population had declined by 2,229 people, a 0.03% decrease){kind=link}
On World Population Day, July 11, 2023, the Statistical Office of the European Commission (Eurostat) revealed that Bulgaria’s population had declined by 2,229 people, a 0.03% decrease.
This decline contrasts with the overall growth observed in the European Union, which saw its population rise for the second consecutive year, reaching 449.2 million people on January 1, 2024.
As of December 31, 2021, Bulgaria’s National Statistical Institute reported that the country’s population stood at 6,445,481. The slight decline in 2023 continues a trend seen in previous years, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.
EU Population Dynamics
While Bulgaria experienced a population decrease, the EU as a whole has shown signs of recovery from the demographic impacts of the pandemic. The EU’s population increased from 447.6 million on January 1, 2023, to 449.2 million a year later. This growth, following declines in 2020 and 2021, reflects broader demographic shifts within the region.
Eurostat attributes the population growth in the EU to two main factors: positive net migration and an influx of displaced persons from Ukraine. The latter is a direct consequence of the Russian war of aggression in February 2022, which led to many Ukrainians seeking temporary protection status in various EU countries.
Migration and Natural Change
The EU’s population dynamics are shaped by a balance between natural change and migration. Natural change, defined by the difference between births and deaths, has been negative in recent years, with more deaths than births. However, this negative natural change has been counterbalanced by positive net migration, leading to an overall population increase.
Post-pandemic migratory movements have significantly influenced the EU’s demographic landscape. The COVID-19 pandemic initially curtailed migration flows, contributing to population declines in 2020 and 2021.
As restrictions eased and international mobility resumed, migration once again became a key factor in population growth. Additionally, the humanitarian crisis stemming from the war in Ukraine has led to a substantial number of displaced persons seeking refuge in the EU, further boosting population figures.
Bulgaria’s Demographic Challenges
In contrast to the broader EU trend, Bulgaria continues to face demographic challenges. The country’s population decline reflects longstanding issues such as low birth rates, high mortality rates, and emigration. Bulgaria has one of the highest rates of population decline in the EU, a trend that has significant social and economic implications.
The decline in Bulgaria’s population is particularly concerning given the aging population and the resulting strain on social services and the labor market. Efforts to address these challenges include policies aimed at improving healthcare, supporting families, and creating conditions for economic growth to retain and attract residents.
Looking Ahead
Eurostat’s report highlights the complex interplay of factors shaping population trends in Bulgaria and the EU. While the EU’s overall population growth is a positive sign of recovery and resilience, the decline in Bulgaria underscores the need for targeted policies to address demographic challenges.
As Europe navigates post-pandemic recovery and continues to respond to geopolitical crises, understanding and addressing the underlying demographic trends will be crucial. For Bulgaria, this means focusing on creating a sustainable future that can reverse population decline and ensure long-term stability and prosperity
This article was created using automation technology and was thoroughly edited and fact-checked by one of our editorial staff members