From January 1, 2025, Sofia Municipality has introduced a low-emission zone targeting domestic heating in nine metropolitan districts, prohibiting the use of wood and coal stoves.
This move aims to tackle the Bulgarian capital’s air pollution crisis, which sees domestic heating contribute 56% of harmful emissions and up to 80% of fine particulate matter during winter.
The new regulations apply to districts with established heat transfer or gas distribution networks, including “Sredets,” “Krasno Selo,” “Izgrev,” “Ilinden,” “Studentski,” “Oborishte,” “Vazrazhdane,” “Lozenets,” and “Triaditsa.” Adopted in 2022, the measure is expected to impact approximately 1,600 households.
Supporting a Cleaner Transition
To ease the transition to eco-friendly heating, Sofia Municipality has launched several programs offering free replacement of old stoves. Nearly 5,000 households have already applied for assistance.
Residents in Sofia’s peripheral areas, such as “Abdovitsa,” “Filipovtsi,” and villages like Voluyak and Mramor, can participate in the EU-funded LIFE program.
This initiative allows eligible households to replace wood and coal stoves with pellet appliances, natural gas devices, or air conditioners. The program covers installation and consultation costs, with applications open until May 31, 2025.
For residents in other neighborhoods, the “Environment” program provides opportunities to switch to sustainable heating options, including heat pumps and air conditioners. The program includes dismantling and recycling old appliances and will accept applications until December 31, 2029.
Enforcement Measures
To ensure compliance, mobile teams from the Sofia Inspectorate, backed by the Emergency Assistance and Prevention Directorate, will patrol affected districts and respond to citizen reports. Violators face fines ranging from 50 to 500 leva under the Clean Air Act.
The enforcement process is bolstered by advanced monitoring tools, including stationary and mobile cameras, drones, and a fire tower in the “Faculty” district. These technologies aim to detect and address instances of unregulated burning.
Addressing Pollution Beyond Heating
Deputy Mayor Nadezhda Bobcheva underscored the initiative’s importance, emphasizing the harmful effects of air pollution on vulnerable groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing health conditions. “Public participation is critical to the success of this program,” Bobcheva stated.
The municipality’s efforts extend beyond domestic heating. Measures to improve air quality also include reducing vehicle emissions, limiting dust from construction sites, curbing unregulated waste burning, and expanding green spaces across the city.
A Step Toward Cleaner Air
Commissioner Dimitar Chorbadzhiev highlighted the administration’s broader commitment to reducing pollution and ensuring long-term health benefits for Sofia’s residents. He noted that addressing related illegal activities, including waste burning and trafficking routes, is also a priority.
Sofia’s low-emission zone initiative represents a significant step in combating the capital’s air pollution crisis. By focusing on domestic heating and implementing comprehensive support and enforcement measures, the municipality aims to provide cleaner air and a healthier environment for future generations.